The Anarcho Geek Info Center

Web hosting is a service that allows you to put your website
(domain name) on the internet. After you have thought of a name
for your website and registered the domain name, the next step
is to find a web
hosting service from a web hosting provider.

There are basically three types of web hosting services a web
host will offer. They are shared web hosting, dedicated server
hosting and virtual private server hosting.

A shared web hosting plan is when multiple customers share a
server. Each customer has their own unique domain name. This
type of web hosting service is generally less expensive and is
ideal for those of you who are new to web hosting and are just
launching your first website.

Dedicated server hosting and virtual private server hosting are
types of web hosing services that would be needed for a web
site, or multiple web sites, that generates millions of page
views or hits a day. These two web hosting services are
generally more expensive than shared web hosting.

If you choose a shared web hosting plan, and want to keep the
same web host the entire time you have the website, look for a
web host that offers a virtual private server or dedicated
server hosting plan as well. This way, you will be able to
upgrade as your site becomes popular and accumulates large
amounts of traffic.

The power of home equity and interest-only payments, provided from most home equity loans is amazing. You can get a home equity loan, with no closing costs and pay as little as $30.00 to $40.00 per month for up to $10,000 in equity cash. These loans are surprisingly easy to get for both residential and investment real estate.

The terms on these amazing loans vary, but are quite nice. You can get them for up to 30 years, but they are usually completed in terms of 10 to 15 years. You can always pay just the interest on the loan - a very low payment, or you can pay on the principal loan, if you desire. You have all the power.
Another fantastic part of home equity loans is that in many cases you can take out 100 percent of the equity. So, if you owe $130,000 and your house is valued at $140,000, you can get $10,000. Now you’ll need good credit to do this. Not to worry, though, if your credit has some flaws. You can still get at your equity.

You’ll just get a little less, and you’ll probably pay a little more. And if you are told you don’t qualify, don’t despair; there is another way — a cash out refinance loan. A cash out refinance home loan gets at the equity you desire, but it puts a new first mortgage on your house for the entire amount, and you get the money that is left over. It may sound convoluted, but it really is not. Get the wealth building system Winning the Mortgage Game to learn exactly how it’s done.

Mark Barnes is an investment real estate and real estate finance expert. Get his free mortgage finance course at http://www.winningthemortgagegame.com and also learn how to gain financial independence through proper real estate investment strategies. Mark is also the author of the new novel, The League, a shocking, sports-related conspiracy. Learn more about his suspense thriller at http://www.sportsnovels.com

We did not choose to be born. Without our permission, we were
pitched into this world, to live out seventy or eighty years, to
act out our unique scripts in life. Each of those millions of
actions had a purpose. It achieved an objective. Just to pick up
a cup of tea, or to become an accountant. Achieving objectives
gave progressive meanings to our activities. The mason who felt
he was just laying bricks was less satisfied than the one who
believed he was building a cathedral. Finding deeper meanings
satisfied us. So, it was but natural to gaze beyond our
individual careers at the meaning of life itself. Greater
satisfaction came from fulfilment of a nobler purpose.

Religion offered a a compelling vision of a divine and
benevolent purpose. It acted in the best of all possible worlds,
for the well being of all. If there was pain and distress, the
beneficent deity had willed it to steel humanity to ever greater
triumphs. Everything happened for the best. But, for a few
people, there was a flaw in this view. Disaster was hardly
necessary for improvement. The finest periods of creativity of
the human race occurred during periods of peace and prosperity,
not in times of famine and disease, or earthquakes and floods.
It stretched credibility to believe that a hundred thousand
people could be crushed in an earthquake for their own good. To
sceptics, the world appeared iniquitous. But, they often avoided
despair by accepting the random quality of life. For these, just
fighting back gave meaning to life.

But, the religious sometimes failed to discover any visible
benign purpose behind epic disasters. This troubled some. The
sceptics, on the other hand, wondered if it was so weightily
important to survive in the this all too brief span of time in
this infinitesimally small speck in the universe. What was so
special about survival, if the earth was to end a dead planet
hurtling through black space? What was the purpose of all this
suffering? Whatever their convictions, the search for a meaning
in life troubled both the religious and the sceptics. In spite
of their doubts, finding meaning was crucial.

The famed psychiatrist, Frankl, survived the horrors of the Nazi
concentration camps, to narrate the dreaded moment, when a
fellow prisoner ceased to struggle for life. Usually, the
prisoner refused to go out on to the parade grounds. “He just
lay there, hardly moving. No entreaties, no blows, no threats
had any effect. He simply gave up. There he remained, lying in
his own excreta, and nothing bothered him any more.” His life
had lost its meaning. Such people died soon after.

But, despite the meaningless torture and beatings, thousands of
inmates still struggled against all odds to eke out a life.
Frankl submitted that it was a purpose in life, whatever it was,
which helped them to survive. These were not large purposes. A
hope of meeting a son after the war was a purpose. Even a
decision to harden oneself against suffering was a sufficient
purpose. After the war, Frankl established a major field in
psychiatry, assisting thousands of suicidal patients around the
world to recover by discovering an acceptable purpose in life.

In reality, the need to find a purpose in life was built into
our neural circuits. Emotions granted us short term purpose.
Anger sought retribution; hunger, a search for food; fear a
drive to escape. Each drive intelligently sought its own
objective and rewarded its achievement with pleasure. The thrill
one felt came from built in pleasure circuits fashioned by
nature. Those circuits powered drives, which successfully
achieved a range of survival activities in a complex and hostile
world. The drive circuits carried within them a massive depth of
experience and wisdom. The noblest goals of mankind and its most
evil instincts were drives, inherited from millions of years of
history. One of those drives was a search for meaning - an
instinctual drive, like hunger.

Across history, mankind searched the heavens to discover
meaning. Religions offered a wide range of possible meanings,
each favouring a particular divine purpose. But, religion failed
to find meaning in horrifying disasters. For the sceptic,
without the support of religion, a fearful existence on a tiny
planet appeared utterly pointless. Both suspected that life
appeared to have no meaning. Where could we go from there? There
was an answer. We had to understand this obsessive human need to
find meaning. It was merely another instinctual drive. A
craving. Such drives could be calmed. Just an awareness alone
could still the need. After all, it was hardly so urgent to
discover that cosmic meaning.

Freed from this need, it was easier to fit into society,
contribute our mite and satisfy the demands of our minds. We
could be content with discovering reasonable purposes. Frankl
had proved that simpler purposes sufficiently enabled prisoners
to withstand even the most meaningless excesses of life. Hunger
did not demand that we gorge ourselves. A reasonable repast was
sufficient to satisfy our craving. So also, it was hardly
necessary to feast ourselves on understanding the global purpose
of the universe. Just as there was little need to travel to a
distant galaxy to satisfy our curiosity. It was enough to be
happy with finding our own role in society.

The most difficult task of a picnic is remembering everything. Make a list on the computer of everything you might need for a picnic. Then as you pack, check off the items that you really need. Save the list for the next picnic or camping trip. When you return, add items that you wished you had taken. Eventually, you’ll have the perfect list for your family.

• Everyone likes to lounge on a picnic blanket but sometimes the ground is wet. Bring along a plastic tarp to put underneath the blanket. The tarp will last many years if kept out of the sunlight and can be hosed clean at home if needed.

• Pick your picnic spot strategically. If mosquitoes are a problem, choose a higher, drier spot that is in full sun and exposed to a breezemosquitoes have trouble in the wind and don’t like heat. On the other hand, if staying warm is a problem, choose a spot exposed to the sun and protected from cool breezes. If it’s hot, pick a spot that will be in the cool of the shade in the hottest part of the afternoon.

• Think safety. If you have kids along, make sure there are no hazards nearby: busy roads, deep water, or cliffs.

• Don’t forget the tablecloth. Inexpensive plastic coated ones make great picnic equipment, especially with kids.

• Speaking of kids, don’t forget paper towels for those spills and cleaning wipes to cleanse dirty hands and faces. Put a dry towel and a wet washcloth on your list. Stick the wet washcloth in zip-type plastic bag.

• Bring plenty of liquids. Active kids playing in the hot sun need to be reminded to drink. Water is the best hydrator but consider juices and slushes. Try mixing soda pop with juicehalf juice and half soda or try freezing punches or juices to a slush to take along in the cooler.

• Include fruit in your picnic basket. It keeps well, it’s nourishing, and it’s refreshing. Often fruit satisfies a craving for something sweeter. Add fruits and fruit pieces to green salads and turkey or chicken salads.

• Bring along a cutting board and a couple good knives. You’ll be surprised how often you will use them. Cutting boards are especially useful if you are without a picnic table. The hard plastic types are great for picnics. For cleanup, just stick the cutting board in the dishwasher when you get home.

• Perishable foods must be kept cold. Bacteria grow best above forty degrees and it takes plenty of ice in a cooler to keep foods below forty degrees. Perishable foods should only be allowed to remain above forty degrees for a couple hours.

• Stick a first aid kit in the car and leave it there all summer. If you have kids, chances are you will need it. Likewise, keep sunscreen and calamine lotion in the car.

• In the heat of the summer, be prepared for a summer thunderstorm. Know the rules of lightning safety. Be prepared to retreat to a place of shelter. Waiting out a summer storm is much more pleasant with a few good books or a game the family enjoys.

• If you are going into the mountains or woodsoff the beaten trackbe sure that someone you trust knows where you are going and when you plan to return. Remember that you may not be able to use your cell phone in more remote areas or in the mountains.

Dennis Weaver is the general manager at The Prepared Pantry (http://www.preparedpantry.com) with recipes, ideas, and the best selection of mixes and ingredients. Visit the free Bakers’ Library for more articles like this, free baking guides, and tested recipes.

Low interest credit cards are available as alternatives to those with middle-of-the-road to very high interest rates. If you have a credit card with a high interest rate anywhere from 17% to 24% or higher, then you may not realize that it is costing you hundreds and even thousands of dollars every year in interest alone. Once you understand your credit and how it is impacting your debt situation, you will see how low interest or even 0% APR credit cards can be a much better solution.

Gather Your Statements

Collect your statements for all high and low interest credit cards. Include Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, department stores, retailers, grocers and any other revolving accounts. For each bill, make a record of the total balance, minimum payment amount and interest rate. You might also want to include your estimated monthly payment (if it’s more or less than the minimum) and the monthly finance charge.

Compare Cards

If you compare the numbers for each card, you will be able to see which ones are costing you the most money. The higher the APR and the higher the balance, the more you will end up paying in interest in the long run. And, if you only pay small amounts of what you owe, you can go on paying for over 20 years. Now you can see the benefit of having a low interest credit card.

Categorize Your Debt

Once you’ve figured out which are the low interest credit cards and which are high, you need to categorize them from highest to lowest. Then reorder them, if necessary, based on the estimated amount of interest you would pay for the entire year. In other words, if you have a high rate card with a low balance, the overall interest may be less than a low interest credit card with a very high balance. This step will help you to focus on the cards that are taking the most of your hard earned money.

Negotiate With Your Bank

Before you cut up your plastic or send it through the paper cutter, call you current credit card company. Many consumers don’t realize it, but companies would rather lower your interest rate than lose your business. Tell them that you’ve been offered a better deal on a low interest credit card. They may just match that offer, saving you the time and effort used to close and open a new card.

Shop Around For 0% APR Credit Cards

Some banks just won’t budge. You may have to do some digging to get a low interest credit card. Check online, talk to your local bank and sort through those direct mail offers. Ask your friends, family, co-workers and other acquaintances to learn about the cards they use.

Carefully Read the Fine Print

Many cards look too-good-to-be-true - 0% interest on transfers, lifetime low rate, frequent flyer miles, insurance benefits, etc. Often times, the offers are just that. 0% offers may only be applied to a limited amount or during a specific time frame. Fixed rates may increase if you so much as miss a single payment and so on. Pay close attention to all terms and policies, making sure to read the fine print. Don’t accept a low interest credit card until you are sure you understand all that is involved.

Maintain Good Credit

Now you can stop throwing money down the drain. Treasure your low interest or 0% APR credit card and maintain your good credit rating. Pay more than the minimum amounts and don’t get behind. Just as fast as you were able to lower your APR, it could jump up to astounding numbers.

Another key reason why companies suffer from 80/20 performance is their processes for hiring, training and managing salespeople rely almost entirely upon subjective information. Think about it:

• What are resumes? They are an individual’s subjective portrayal of their capabilities and experiences.
• What occurs during an interview? Interviewees attempt to package their responses to questions in a manner that will make the best impression. Meanwhile, interviewers are forming personal opinions about candidates’ qualifications for the position.

I’m not suggesting that subjective information is useless. Subjective information is a valid and valuable component of any “people decision”. However, if decisions based solely upon subjective information produce an undesirable result 80 percent of the time, doesn’t it make sense to consider making a change?

One way to introduce objective information into the sales recruiting process is through specialized sales assessment tests. I’m not referring to personality or behavioral tests like Myers-Briggs or DISC. Those types of tools can be useful for learning how to communicate more effectively with someone. However, I have not found them to be useful for predicting whether someone will succeed in sales.

The specialized sales assessment tests that I’m referring to identify an individual’s strength or weakness in the following areas:

• Sales Drive: Does the individual enjoy presenting, persuading, negotiating, and motivating others?
• Emotional Toughness: How rapidly does the individual rebound from rejection and sales cycle roadblocks?
• Reasoning Ability: Does the individual ask good questions? Can they dissect answers and pick out the pieces that will help advance the conversation toward a desired end result?
• Service Drive: How interested is the individual in building relationships and helping others?
• Assertiveness: How self-assured is the individual? How effective are they at convincing others to take action?
• Attitude: Does the individual perceive a glass to be half-empty or half-full?
• Communication Skills: How precisely does the individual communicate, both verbally and in writing?
• Competitiveness: How competitive is the individual?
• Energy: Is the individual always “on the go”, or do they need to be prodded into action?
• Independence: How readily does the individual accept direction from others?
• Learning Rate: How rapidly does the individual learn new information?
• Tolerance for Administration: How willing is the individual to perform administrative activities?

Specialized sales assessment tests can also help existing salespeople that are struggling. How? First, they can be used to determine whether these individuals should be in sales. If an individual doesn’t have the talents required for sales success, there may be other roles in your organization where their talents and interests can be applied to mutual benefit. If no such positions are available, the kindest thing you can do is let them go. Why? Because it is no fun to continue to struggle in a job that is a poor fit!

Second, specialized sales assessment tests can help identify each salesperson’s unique training needs. Here is an example:

Two salespeople, Beth and Bill, work for the same company. Beth is weak in Sales Drive, which makes her reluctant to ask for orders. Bill is weak in Emotional Toughness, which makes him sensitive to rejection and limits his prospecting effectiveness. If Beth and Bill go through the same sales skills training course, how much improvement in performance should their employer expect to see?

The answer is little or none. Why? Because Beth and Bill have completely different training needs that will not be addressed by basic sales skills training.

Beth would benefit the most from attending an assertiveness training class. She also needs coaching to help her recognize that failing to ask for orders denies her customers valuable solutions to costly business problems.

Bill needs to learn to not take rejection personally. He could also benefit from training that teaches positive thinking and other motivational techniques.

Unfortunately, unless Beth’s and Bill’s unique training needs are identified, and targeted training is supplied to address those specific needs, there isn’t much reason to expect their performance to improve.

Conclusion

Many “80/20″ sales performance differences result from relying too heavily on SUBJECTIVE information when hiring and managing salespeople. Adding OBJECTIVE information (gathered by specialized sales assessment tests) to these “people decision” processes can dramatically increase the proportion of top performers on your sales team and improve the performance of existing sales team members.

Copyright 2005 — Alan Rigg

Sales performance expert Alan Rigg is the author of How to Beat the 80/20 Rule in Selling: Why Most Salespeople Don’t Perform and What to Do About It. His company, MySalesTest.com, provides specialized sales assessment tests that help business owners, executives, and managers DOUBLE sales by consistently hiring top sales performers. For more information and a FREE special report, visit http://www.mysalestest.com.

Our world has accomplished endeavors/wonders to aid our existence in the life. These efforts commended for the dedicated research and exploration into the unknowns. All said we are faced with uncertainties about the created existence. Our reality awareness of this existence under the deceit never comes to God thought of the creation. The existence awareness we mold and structure define our view outside the given fact of God. Our mind, self-centered aims, relates its view of the existence fact to this life. The ideal like sealing ourselves into a room and proclaiming it’s the existence.

The down side of our view as truth is the fact we did not create the existence. The existence in its flow of events made us. We can be no more then students learning the state of the existence. The cities of past times shout about this reality. Knowledge was a key then, as with us, yet something took this awareness. The existence knowledge under the deceit is hidden from us and has to be known about our life. The Bible account of angel bitter debate and God good creation is thought for drink. Angel told of God acts but even they lack the knowledge of the existence. This reality of the Bible is exposed with the creation of the lake of fire. Satan is cast into this state and will not be able to deliver himself out of its reality.

The greatest question to these considerations, Is there a God?

God in the Bible story is the account fact. God not telling the Bible initial genesis story hold a perception. The Bible initial genesis story account in the world of angel defines the existence of this fact. God used angel world existence to create. Science peering eye is the visible reality of God existence in the Bible story. Science logical study surrounding our life is the Bible creation truth of God. Science researches the field of God creation. Science eye into the existence is a revelation of things known in the Bible story of our living environment. Science thought and consideration relates wonders of God creation. The Bible states God formed the essence of the existence.

Science and the Bible is able to mold these creation laws to held facts, theories and conceptions for our definition. So without truth God has no existence. The individuals, outside this fact about God, acquired features of the existence are in vain. The Bible creation value will hold truth God witness of your fact about the existence. God in JOB chapter thirty-eight ask him things about the creation. God definitions of the creation existence, as science fact, must have sight and feel. The Lord accounted Job a just man. Rather then stiff neck speculation is the need to gather facts about the genesis creation. God state is in the genesis creation existence and so is angel. Less informed in our, angel and adam, desired interest the logical argument for God is our existence.

We need science research to structure the knowledge of the Bible genesis creation. The Bible genesis truth is the fact of God. Angel statements about God are a witness of this truth. The Bible genesis text about God and science has no creation contrast of the existence. There in the initial fact of the Bible genesis creation story are the details of our existence. The Bible genesis story states God created the heaven and the earth. The Bible initial genesis account states God defined the “heaven”. The “heaven” was a zone which cut the waters low and high of its state. The “heaven” was in the midst of the waters but cut apart from the waters. God prepared before us a table given by angel of this creation story. The waters were the light and the darkness. The heaven divided the light and darkness for our existence.

The truth of the Bible genesis creation is not hidden but known. Science, as you, knows the existence of the light and the darkness. Science laws relate the light as heat and the darkness as cold. The split argument has a need to open the mind to the Bible genesis story truth. The spirit is to hear the statement of the Bible story. Let the Bible genesis creation story account see, so you can feel its truth. The Bible genesis of the common view [God, as, angel] is about the waters existence. The Bible genesis creation story will deny/confirm the facts of science. The Bible story states the light and darkness as the realities governing the heaven. Use the Bible story fact and compare it to science genesis creation and know your own existence. You are the expert to define, “Does God exist?”

The Bible genesis state the light and darkness were balanced in our state existence. The Bible genesis common view states warmth as the necessity for our existence. Science laws on cold and heat define either excess destroy other then compose and enhance creation. The Bible genesis creation confirms this fact for balance warmth. The Bible genesis statement declares to each particle of light there is a particle of darkness. The Bible genesis creation common view of waters is the story known fact. God in the Bible genesis story acts on the waters in the words of angel. God is the logical argument in the Bible common view for our creation. God in the existence knows where you are in the reality. God states through angel He put us here. The fact leaves us in this reality of the light and darkness. God live in a zone apart from the light and darkness. Angel lives in a zone apart from the light and darkness. Adam [earth born] lived in a zone apart from the light and darkness. These waters were cut from the heaven existence. The Bible genesis common view of light and darkness, or necessity for warmth, states the existence. God knowledge of the waters is the Bible genesis science of the creation. The research of God through science can see the genesis creation view. Angel believes with faith the soul of adam will share the common view.

The problem is the concept of adam consideration of the life. Adam [earth born] lost is the given fact of God existence. The state of God by us is without its view fact. The logic of the Bible genesis story confronts the issue of this fact reality with the waters. The speculative rationing lie, rather this fact of the Bible genesis account, we know of existence.

God state in the Bible genesis is the truth. God did not have to speck. Gone with this absence of God speaking is the meaning of heaven and the dry “land”. The Bible genesis states heaven as the realities we know surrounding our life. You can not see the truth. God wisdom of the earth genesis creation is the defining thought motivated by angel. God intent was not for angel and adam to be apart, they are family. God, angel and adam in the Bible story account the beginning existence. The question to be considered, Is there an Adam? Ask someone in the street, “What are you?” They will respond “human”. The Bible states God declare the man adam. The term “adam” used in equal states with male or female. God formed the known factor of angel and adam existence of life. God accomplished the act of these heavens, both angel and adam, and beheld it as good. The Bible story stating angel and adam rebelled against God. The Bible genesis to end story warns the reader of these issues of angel and adam.

Blogging is an abbreviation of “web-logging”. The simplest
definition of a blog is that it is an online log that is
organized in reverse chronological order. It comprises of
comments, declarations, links, or anything else of interest to
the blog writer.

There are two basic requirements of starting your own blog. You
need a software to run a blog and a place on the Internet to
host your blog.

Taking into consideration the above mentioned two factors, there
can be four categories of blogs:

1. Free Software + Free Webhosting 2. Free Software + Paid
Webhosting 3. Paid Software including Price of Webhosting 4.
Paid Software + Paid Webhosting

We have given descriptions of all these four options alongwith
their pros and cons.

We have also given recommendations regarding the suitability of
these options.

1. Free Software + Free Webhosting

This is a completely free way of blogging. Here you pay neither
for the software nor for the virtual hosting.

But there are some drawbacks of this system. It offers very few
features as compared to the paid services. You cannot post
pictures online or design your preferred look for your site.

The companies that provide free software and free domain hosting
frequently place a banner immediately above your site. This
detracts the visitors from the look of your site. You also have
no discretion over the content of the advertisements.

The key advantage of this system is that it is absolutely free.
This option is extremely useful for a newcomer since he/she can
try this method to find if they are really interested in
blogging.

This option is recommended for those people who would not like
to pay anything or for the newcomers.

2. Free Software + Paid Webhosting

This option provides you free software but you will have to pay
for the domain hosting.

There is a cost factor involved in this option. Minimum cost of
domain hosting would be $5 per month but a realistic budget
would be slightly higher, around $7-8. The annual registration
fee for domain name would be about $10-30.

This system will let you do certain things that you were unable
to do with the free one. Here, you can modify the look of your
site and you can also post pictures. But free softwares have
fewer features than paid ones.

This option is highly recommended because by just paying the
cost of virtual hosting and domain registration, you can avail
great features and flexibility.

3. Paid Software including Price of Webhosting

This is a subscription-based option. There are ongoing costs
involved in this option.

You have to pay at least $6 per month for basic services and for
advanced features the fee would be around $15 per month.

The cumulative cost for a year would reach up to $200. That
makes this option a very expensive one.

Apart from customizing the look of your site and posting
photographs online, you will be able to use a software that
provides more features than a free one.

This option is recommended for people who do not want to be
troubled with virtual hosting and software installation issues.
This is the easiest possible solution. It offers great features
but at a reasonably high price.

4. Paid Software + Paid Webhosting

This option provides you paid software and paid domain hosting.

The cost of the domain hosting ranges from $5 to $10 per month
while the cost of the software would be at least $45 (one-time
cost).

This option gives you great amount of flexibility. You can
select your own domain name and have a feature-rich blogging
software.

This option is highly recommended for businesses since the cost
is not a major consideration.

Milk Substitutes

Cow’s milk is sometimes erroneously thought to be a substitute
for queen’s milk However, analysis of cow’s milk shows that the
calcium-to-phosphorus ratio and lactose levels are too high, and
the energy, protein, and fat levels are too low to sustain a
growing kitten. Adding egg yolk (cooked over steam while
stirring) (creating enriched cow’s milk) increases the protein
and fat to more reasonable levels, but the calcium level remains
four times greater and the phosphorous level two times greater
than in queen’s milk. Enriched milk is an unsuitable substitute
for the long term, though it can be used temporarily until a
more appropriate milk replacer is obtained.

Commercial human baby formula, made up at twice the recommended
concentration, can be used on a short-term basis for kittens.
The percentage of nutrients in baby formula is similar to that
of cow’s milk, except that the lactose level is lower. However,
baby formula provides less than 50 percent of the protein and
fat that growing kittens require.

The best substitutes are commercial products such as KMR (PetAg,
Inc.), Havolac (Haver Co.), or Veta-Lac (Vet-A-Mix, Inc.), which
have been specifically formulated to closely match the nutrients
found in queen’s milk.

Feeding

Intake is limited by the size of the stomach, and excessive
fluid intake must be avoided because a newborn kitten’s kidneys
are functionally immature and have a very limited capacity.
Numerous feedings throughout the day, usually every four hours,
will prevent overloading the digestive system and kidneys. The
number of feedings can be decreased, and the intake per feeding
can be increased accordingly, as the kitten matures.

The daily intake of food is based on the kitten’s energy
requirement. Caloric requirements for the newborn kitten are
approximately 420 kilocalories per kilogram at birth, and by
five to six weeks of age it needs only 240 to 275 kilocalories
per kilogram. (A kilogram is 1000 grams, or 2.2 pounds. A
kilocalorie, a term often shortened to calorie by the
nonscientific community, is the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Celsius.) To
calculate the daily amount of milk replacer required for the
newborn follow these steps:

* Divide the kitten’s weight in grams by 1,000 to determine the
weight in kilograms.

* Multiply this number by 420 (kilocalories). The result
provides you with the number of kilocalories needed daily to
sustain the newborn kitten.

* Find the caloric concentration of the formula on the label.
Divide the amount needed by the kitten by the caloric
concentration of the milk replacer.

* Multiply the answer by the quantity of formula (in
milliliters) that supplies the specified caloric concentration.

* Take the total for the day and divide it by the number of
feedings per day.

Some milk replacers provide a feeding chart, which eliminates
the need to do any calculations. If KMR is used, do not exceed
five milliliters (one teaspoon) of formula per feeding of
newborn kittens for the first week. Thereafter, slowly increase
the amount per feeding.

Formula should not be fed to a weak and hypothermic kitten.
Instead, a dilute (5 percent) dextrose solution (sugar water)
and lactated Ringer’s solution (a sterile, saltwater solution
for injection) should be given orally as directed by a
veterinarian. Also, the kitten’s body temperature should be
gradually increased in a warm environment (85 to 90F). Formula
can be fed after the kitten’s rectal temperature is over 94F

When preparing formula, make up only enough for a
forty-eight-hour period and divide it into individual feeding
portions. These portions can be stored in the refrigerator.
Before feeding, warm the formula to about 100. While warming
the formula, sterilize the feeding utensils in boiling water for
fifteen minutes to destroy harmful bacteria or viruses. All
handlers should wash their hands before feeding or handling the
kittens.

Kittens that did not receive colostrum (first milk from the
mother) should be vaccinated against rhinotracheitis,
calicivirus, and panleukopenia at four weeks of age.

Special animal-feeding bottles are available at pet stores.
These bottles have been designed to meet the needs of nursing
kittens, but sometimes the nipple openings are too small. So, if
the liquid doesn’t drip slowly from the nipple, enlarge the hole
slightly. Never force formula by squeezing the bottle while the
nipple is in the kitten’s mouth. The liquid may be aspirated
(inhaled into the lungs), causing aspiration pneumonia, which
could be fatal. A medicine dropper can also be used, although
the volume will be greatly reduced, making feedings more tedious
and time consuming.

The kitten should be fed in an upright position to avoid its
aspirating any fluid into its lungs. Bottle-fed kittens must be
burped after feeding because of the air they inhale during
feeding. Stomach-tube feeding eliminates this step; however,
other problems are associated with tube feeding, especially the
danger of choking if fluid is directly dispensed into the lungs.

Despite the drawbacks, tube feeding is considered the most
reliable method for feeding kittens unable to suckle or needing
immediate nourishment. Tube-fed kittens should be housed in
separate compartments to prevent them from sucking on each
other’s tails, ears, and feet. A small catheter (premature
infant size or 5 French) and syringe work well for tube feeding.
The catheter can be purchased in most drugstores and the syringe
can be obtained from a veterinarian.

Before passing the tube down the kitten’s esophagus, carefully
mark the tube for the proper length. This is done by measuring
the tube from the last rib, behind which the stomach is located,
to the opening of the mouth. Tape can be used to mark the
section of catheter that reaches to the mouth. This mark
indicates the point at which the tube reaches the correct
position in the kitten’s stomach.

Lubricate the tube with warm water or formula before inserting
it into the kitten’s throat while the kitten is in an upright
position, with its head tilted slightly up, insert the tube
along the roof of the mouth. If the kitten begins to gag or you
feel resistance, remove the tube and try again. Continue to pass
the tube until you reach the mark on the tube. After
administering a small amount of warm water to make sure the tube
is in the right location, slowly administer the formula over a
two-minute period. Each week, remeasure the distance from the
last rib to the tip of the mouth and re-mark the tube; the
length will increase as the kitten grows.

A kitten has received an adequate supply of food when its
abdomen feels full, but not distended. Within three weeks,
kittens can learn to drink fluid from a dish. The weaning
process can be started when they are three to four weeks old by
adding small amounts of commercial cat food to the formula.

Feeding problems usually encountered by inexperienced handlers
are overfeeding or underfeeding. A sure sign of overfeeding is
diarrhea. The intensity of the problem is indicated by the color
and consistency of the stool. The color can range from yellowish
to grayish. A grayish diarrheic stool indicates a more severe
problem and may signal impending dehydration. Failure to gain
weight, excessive crying, listlessness, and shivering occur when
a kitten is underfed. The best criteria by which to determine if
the kitten is being properly fed are: a steady weight gain of
ten grams, or one-third of an ounce, per day-and a normal stool
(firm and yellowish). The number of stools is usually the same
as the number of feedings per day.

The above is general veterinary information. Do not begin
any course of treatment without consulting your regular
veterinarian. All animals should be examined at least once every
12 months.